In the 18th and early 20th centuries, archaeology took shape as a science and began to develop in Europe. Research activities were connected with work in museums; during this period, archaeological institutes and scientific societies were created, and academic teaching of archaeology in universities began. In some countries, the profession of archaeologist appeared even before the creation of a system of institutions. These included the Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire. At the same time, there were countries where the system of educational institutions existed for a long time, but the specialty of archeology was absent in them. Archaeologists who did not have professional training in this field retained the status of amateurs for a very long time [Miller, 1956, p. 9-39; Graslund, 1974, s. 17-30, 113-117; Trigger, 1989, p. 27-86; Malina and Vasicek, 1990, p. 8-40, 53-54; Salminen, 1993]. Archaeological research conducted in individual states in the 19th century was related to the study of the historical past. During Finland's entry into the Russian Empire, it was important to tell Finns who their ancestors were [Trigger, 1978, p. 93-95; 1989, p. 162, 174; Lougas, 1988, lk. 39-40; Hides, 1996; Diaz-Andreu, 1996, p. 49-54; Karjaharm and Sirk, 1997, lk. 209-214]. In Finland, it was necessary to show Finnish-speaking citizens their national identity and give them a basis for self-esteem, so that they could occupy an equal position in society with the highest Swedish-speaking noble class [Hinsley, 1989, p. 79-80, 86-96; Kehoe, 1989; Levi-Strauss, 1974, p. 16-22; Barthes, 1994, s. 180-189; Salminen, 2003b, s. 33-34]. In Finland, archaeology was given the task of finding a national identity in the prehistoric past - Finnish, or Finno-Ugric. Only later will it be possible for archaeologists to study the development of various types of artifacts. In contrast to Sweden, where O. Montelius considered the evolution of things as the main task of archeology, in Finland ... Read more